Chemical composition of bean weevil (Acanthoscelides obtectus)

Studies conducted on chemical composition of bean weevil (Acanthoscelides obtectus) revealed that a mg/100g dry matter sample of the weevil contains 34.14 ± 0.02% moisture, 38.94 ± 0.01% crude protein, 34.07 ± 0.03% crude fat, 12.00 ± 0.01% crude fibre, 8.00 ± 0.01% ash and 36.99 ± 0.01% carbohydrate, the results of the mineral composition showed that mg/100g dry water sample of bean weevil contains Ca (3.30 ± 0.01), Mg (1.0 ±0.01), Na (0.01 ± 0.02), K (0.31 ± 0.02), P (0.022 ± 0.02), Zn (2.09 ± 0.02), Mn (1.60 ± 0.02), Cu (1.15 ± 0.01) and Fe (7.92 ± 0.01). The toxicants content of a mg/100g of the sample were 5.28 ± 0.01, 2.64 ± 0.01, 4.96 ± 0.01 and 3.30 ± 0.01 for total oxalate, HCN, tannins and phytate respectively. Hence bean weevil contains less amount of toxicants and high amount of vital nutrients required for healthy living

Pressure ulcer related pain in community populations: a prevalence survey.

BACKGROUND: Pressure ulcers are costly to the healthcare provider and can have a major impact on patient's quality of life. One of the most distressing symptoms reported is pain. There is very little published data on the prevalence and details of pain experienced by patients with pressure ulcers, particularly in community populations. The study was conducted in two community NHS sites in the North of England. METHODS: The aim was to estimate the prevalence of pressure area related pain within a community population. We also explored the type and severity of the pain and its association with pressure ulcer classification. A cross-sectional survey was performed of community nurses caseloads to identify adult patients with pressure ulcers and associated pain. Consenting patients then had a full pain assessment and verification of pressure ulcer grade. RESULTS: A total of 287 patients were identified with pressure ulcers (0.51 per 1000 adult population). Of the 176 patients who were asked, 133 (75.6%) reported pain. 37 patients consented to a detailed pain assessment. Painful pressure ulcers of all grades and on nearly all body sites were identified. Pain intensity was not related to number or severity of pressure ulcer. Both inflammatory and neuropathic pain were reported at all body sites however the proportion of neuropathic pain was greater in pressure ulcers on lower limbs. CONCLUSIONS: This study has identified the extent and type of pain suffered by community patients with pressure ulcers and indicates the need for systematic and regular pain assessment and treatment

Phaeochrornocytorna: A Case Report

A 52-year-old man presented with a 4-year history of paroxysmal attacks of anxiety, giddiness, palpitation, sweating, and severe headache. These symptoms were associated with sudden increases in his blood pressure; and a provisional diagnosis of phaeochromocytoma was made. Collections of urine were submitted for catecholamine assay. One collection showed a slight increase in catecholamines but the rest were normal, including a collection made after a provocation test, using histamine 0,025 mg intravenously. The histamine test did, however, cause systolic and diastolic blood pressure to rise by 20 mmHg. As he was mildly hypertensive between paroxysms, a phentolamine test was carried out, utilising 5 mg well diluted, intravenously, over 5 minutes under basal conditions. This, too, was negative. An aortogram failed to demonstrate convincingly tumour vascularisation, but there was a mild hypertensive crisis during this examination. At laparotomy, a single phaeochromocytoma was found in the right adrenal gland, and was successfully removed. Recovery was uneventful and the patient was discharged, normotensive and not requiring hypotensive therapy, though mild hypertension has developed since. No residual catecholamine activity has been detected. The preparation of the patient for surgery and the control of operative complications are described, and the salient diagnostic features of phaeochromocytoma are briefly discussed.S. Afr. Med. J. 48, 401 (1974

Strong solutions of the thin film equation in spherical geometry

We study existence and long-time behaviour of strong solutions for the thin film equation using a priori estimates in a weighted Sobolev space. This equation can be classified as a doubly degenerate fourth-order parabolic and it models coating flow on the outer surface of a sphere. It is shown that the strong solution asymptotically decays to the flat profile

Flow boiling of R245fa in 1.1mm diameter stainless steel, brass and copper tubes

© 2014 The Authors. An experimental study of flow boiling heat transfer and pressure drop was conducted using R245fa in stainless steel, brass and copper tubes of 1.1 mm internal diameter. Experimental conditions include: mass flux range 100-400 kg/m2s, heat flux range 10-60 kW/m2, pressure of 1.8 bar and exit vapour quality range 0-0.95. The tube surfaces were compared using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and surface data acquired from confocal laser microscopy (CFLM), both showing differences between the surfaces. The heat transfer coefficient is similar in magnitude for all three materials but with a slight variation in trend. The heat transfer coefficient is seen to peak at high vapour qualities for stainless steel and brass, which is less evident with copper. The results were compared with past heat transfer correlations. These results showed better agreement with stainless steel compared to copper and brass. The pressure drop was shown to differ with surface characteristics, with the pressure drop for brass having a much steeper increase with heat flux. The pressure drop correlations tested did not show good agreement with the experimental results

Social Science and Neuroscience beyond Interdisciplinarity: Experimental Entanglements

This article is an account of the dynamics of interaction across the social sciences and neurosciences. Against an arid rhetoric of ‘interdisciplinarity’, it calls for a more expansive imaginary of what experiment – as practice and ethos – might offer in this space. Arguing that opportunities for collaboration between social scientists and neuroscientists need to be taken seriously, the article situates itself against existing conceptualizations of these dynamics, grouping them under three rubrics: ‘critique’, ‘ebullience’ and ‘interaction’. Despite their differences, each insists on a distinction between sociocultural and neurobiological knowledge, or does not show how a more entangled field might be realized. The article links this absence to the ‘regime of the inter-’, an ethic of interdisciplinarity that guides interaction between disciplines on the understanding of their pre-existing separateness. The argument of the paper is thus twofold: (1) that, contra the ‘regime of the inter-’, it is no longer practicable to maintain a hygienic separation between sociocultural webs and neurobiological architecture; (2) that the cognitive neuroscientific experiment, as a space of epistemological and ontological excess, offers an opportunity to researchers, from all disciplines, to explore and register this realization

Management and efficacy of intensified insulin therapy starting in outpatients

Diabetic patients under multiple injection insulin therapy (i.e., intensified insulin therapy, IIT) usually start this treatment during hospitalization. We report here on the logistics, efficacy, and safety of IIT, started in outpatients. Over 8 months, 52 type I and type II diabetics were followed up whose insulin regimens consecutively had been changed from conventional therapy to IIT. Two different IIT strategies were compared: free mixtures of regular and intermediate (12 hrs)-acting insulin versus the basal and prandial insulin treatment with preprandial injections of regular insulin, and ultralente (24 hrs-acting) or intermediate insulin for the basal demand. After 8 months HbA1 levels had decreased from 10.6%±2.4% to 8.0%±1.3% (means±SD). There was no difference between the two regimens with respect to metabolic control; but type II patients maintained the lowered HbA1 levels better than type I patients. Only two patients were hospitalized during the follow-up time because of severe hypoglycemia. An increase of body weight due to the diet liberalization during IIT became a problem in one-third of the patients. Our results suggest that outpatient initiation of IIT is safe and efficacious with respect to near-normoglycemic control. Weight control may become a problem in IIT patients

Steady-state modulation of voltage-gated K+ channels in rat arterial smooth muscle by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and protein phosphatase 2B

Voltage-gated potassium channels (Kv) are important regulators of membrane potential in vascular smooth muscle cells, which is integral to controlling intracellular Ca2+ concentration and regulating vascular tone. Previous work indicates that Kv channels can be modulated by receptor-driven alterations of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) activity. Here, we demonstrate that Kv channel activity is maintained by tonic activity of PKA. Whole-cell recording was used to assess the effect of manipulating PKA signalling on Kv and ATP-dependent K+ channels of rat mesenteric artery smooth muscle cells. Application of PKA inhibitors, KT5720 or H89, caused a significant inhibition of Kv currents. Tonic PKA-mediated activation of Kv appears maximal as application of isoprenaline (a β-adrenoceptor agonist) or dibutyryl-cAMP failed to enhance Kv currents. We also show that this modulation of Kv by PKA can be reversed by protein phosphatase 2B/calcineurin (PP2B). PKA-dependent inhibition of Kv by KT5720 can be abrogated by pre-treatment with the PP2B inhibitor cyclosporin A, or inclusion of a PP2B auto-inhibitory peptide in the pipette solution. Finally, we demonstrate that tonic PKA-mediated modulation of Kv requires intact caveolae. Pre-treatment of the cells with methyl-β-cyclodextrin to deplete cellular cholesterol, or adding caveolin-scaffolding domain peptide to the pipette solution to disrupt caveolae-dependent signalling each attenuated PKA-mediated modulation of the Kv current. These findings highlight a novel, caveolae-dependent, tonic modulatory role of PKA on Kv channels providing new insight into mechanisms and the potential for pharmacological manipulation of vascular tone